Response inhibition and emotional responding in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To characterize the traits of neuropsychological functioning deficits in patients with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with comorbid disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders (DICCD).@*METHODS@#Twenty out-patients with ADHD, 20 with ADHD with comorbid DICCD, and 20 with DICCD, all aged 6-16 years, were enrolled in this study, with 20 healthy subjects matched for age, gender and IQ serving as the healthy controls. The patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Revision (DSM-5). All the subjects were assessed with Golden Stroop test and emotional Stroop test to evaluate their response inhibition and emotional responding.@*RESULTS@#In Golden Stroop test, the interference scores (IGs) of errors and reaction time both differed significantly among the groups ( < 0.05), and were the highest in patients with ADHD only. In emotional Stroop test, the mean reaction time (MRT) showed significant differences among the groups ( < 0.05); the MRT of positive- congruent trials in ADHD with comorbid DICCD group was shorter than that in ADHD group but longer than that in group DICCD; the MRT in the 3 case groups were all longer than that in the control group. The MRT of both positive-incongruent trials and negative-congruent trials in ADHD with comorbid DICCD group and DICCD group was shorter than that in ADHD group but longer than that in the control group. The MRT of negative- incongruent trials in DICCD group was shorter than that in ADHD group and ADHD with comorbid DICCD group but longer than that in the control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The response inhibition deficit and abnormal emotional responding are the core symptoms of ADHD. Bias emotional stimuli may render response inhibitory dysfunction in patients with DICCD with callous-unemotional traits of emotional responding disorder, especially in dealing with negative emotional trials, while the comorbidity of ADHD and DICCD tends to have the emotional response trait of DICCD.

The effect of exercise combined with bailing capsules on chronic stationary obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe and compare the effect of Cordyceps sinensis ( bailing ) capsules com-bined with weight-bearing breathing exercises, and weight-bearing breathing exercises combined with tiotropium bro-mide and seretide, on patients with stable but moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Sixty-three patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. Both groups performed weight-bearing breathing exercises, supplemented in the observation group with the oral administration of bailing capsules. The control group instead inhaled tiotropium bromide and seretide. Six-mi-nute walking distance, the COPD assessment test ( CAT scores) and concentrations of interleukin-6 ( IL-6) , interleu-kin-8 ( IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) were observed after 1 ( T1) , 30 ( T2) and 58 ( T3) days of the treatments. Results At T1 there were no significant differences between the two groups in any of the measurements ( P≤0.05) . At T2, there were still no significant differences except that a significant decrease in IL-8 and TNF-αlevels was observed in the control group. At T3 the average CAT scores had decreased significantly in both groups compared to before the treatment but there was no significant difference between the two groups. In the observation group, the average 6MWT distance had increased significantly compared to before the treatment and compared to the control group, where there was no significant improvement. The average IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-αreadings of the control group were significantly lower than those of the observation group at T3 and compared to before the treatment. No sig-nificant changes in those indicators were observed in the observation group at T3. Conclusions Bailing capsules combined with weight-breathing exercises are more effective for relieving dyspnea symptoms and improving exercise capacity than weight-breathing exercises combined with tiotropium bromide and seretide. However, in controlling air-way inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness, the triple inhalation combined with weight-bearing breathing exer-cises is more effective.

Application of closed thoracic drainage with micro-catheter in treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the effect and safety of pleural effusion treated by closed thoracic drainage with micro-catheter. Methods A total of 64 cases with pleural effusion were randomly divided into conventional therapy group ( control group ) and closed thoracic drainage with micro-catheter group ( treatment group) , each group including( 32 cases ). Control group were treated with drainage of thoracic puncture interruptedly while treatment group treated by closed thoracic drainage with micro-catheter. Results Both two therapeutic methods could reduce pleural effusion, but obvious effective rate of treatment group was higher than that of control group( P ＜ 0.05 ). Meanwhile, the rate of pleural reaction and treatment cost in treatment group were lower than that in control group. Conclusion Closed thoracic drainage with micro-catheter was effective, lower treatment cost and lower complications. Moreover, it could reduce medical risk.

LPS induced macrophage priming effect on O_2~ production and its signal mechanisms / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) priming on macrophage(M?). METHODS: Macrophage cell line RAW264.7 were pretreated with or without LPS for 1 h, then challenged with PMA, or LPS, muramyl dipeptide(MDP), Zymosan, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine(FMLP) for 1 h . O  2 production in supernatants and intracellular free calcium([Ca 2+ ]i ) were measured, and changes in [Ca 2+ ]i and LPS induced O  2 production were compared. RESULTS: LPS pretreatment significantly increased O  2 production in RAW264.7 cells challenged with the stimuli, and in a certain extent, both O  2 production and increase of resting intracellular [Ca 2+ ]i were dose- and time-dependent on LPS pretreatment.Furthermore,the peak [Ca 2+ ]i was significantly higher in LPS pretreated groups than that of LPS unpretreated groups when challenged with PMA. Pretreatment with Ca 2+ inophore A23187 mimicked the LPS priming effects on O  2 production, but pretreatment with Ca 2+ chelator BAPTA and EGTA blocked this priming effect. CONCLUSION: LPS induced M? priming effect on O  2 production is dependent on elevation of resting intracellular [Ca 2+ ]i .

The impact of long-term stimulation by CpG-ODN on the maturation of dendritic cells in murine bone marrow / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of a long-term CpG-ODN stimulation on the maturation of murine bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Methods: Murine bone-marrow cells were cultured in GM-CSF alone or with CpG-ODN for 7 d or for last 36 h (days 6, 7). Cell phenotypes and antigens uptake by BMDCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines released by BMDCs were detected by ELISA. The antigen presenting capability by BMDCs was evaluated by mixed lymphocyte responses.Results:Compared to those of the short-term CpG-ODN stimulation group, the expression of MHCⅡ, CD86, CD40, and secretion of IL-12(p70) by BMDCs in long-term stimulation group were not increased. The phagocytosis of FITC-OVA by BMDCs in long-term CpG-ODN stimulation group was strengthened, but the activation of allogenic and homogenic lymphocyte cells proliferation was impaired. Conclusion:Long-term CpG-ODN stimulation can suppress the maturation of DCs, which may explain the low adaptive immunity in sepsis patients.